French Card Suits and how they ruled the World of Card Games

Asia was the first region in the world to use cards as a form of recreation. It then went beyond borders and arrived in India, the Muslim world, Europe, and eventually, across the globe. Early versions of cards used several suits, such as coins, cups, swords, polo sticks, acorns, scepters, batons, and cudgels. However, the current suits used in most casinos around the world and around the Web—Hearts, Diamonds, Spades, and Clubs—originated in France.

Card-makers in Paris, France settled on the four main suits in spite of the popularity of other symbols in other countries. The Spades, Hearts, and Clubs were adaptations of the German card suits Leaves, Hearts, and Hawk Bells. Acorns were the fourth symbols in the German set but because cards during that time were mainly made for the French upper class, these were replaced by the more attractive Diamonds.

While many believe that the four suits represent the four seasons (and indeed, the 52 cards representing the 52 weeks of the year), this belief has been considered to be untrue. The four symbols used to represent the four basic classes of the society during the middle parts of the second millennium: Spades for nobility or the military, hearts for the clergy or the church, diamonds for merchants, and clubs for peasantry.

The French advanced card-making by using flat, single-color drawings for the suits. These images could be created with simple stencils, thus helping manufacturers make cards that are inexpensive and easy to reproduce. These new, more affordable cards dominated the market in the 15th century, caught on in England, and then traveled to the Americas. Today, thousands of entities are already manufacturing these cards for all markets worldwide—in numerous styles, materials, and packaging but still using the same suit symbols. In online casinos and the Internet in general, they are reproduced in their virtual counterparts.

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